Background physics

The physics behind GUNDALF is based on the work of Robert Laws reported in Laws, Hatton and Haartsen, (1990), "Computer Modelling of Clustered Airguns", First Break, vol. 8, no. 9, (Sept.) and earlier published contributions by Anton Ziolkowski, Svein Vaage, Gregg Parkes and Bill Dragoset supported by experimental work done by Tor Haugland, Mike Hall and others. The model solves a complex set of differential equations combining both heat transfer and dynamics. Over the last 10 years, this has been incrementally refined with modifications to the physics by Les Hatton to attempt to handle the 'super-foam' region of colliding bubbles and also to handle innovations such as injector guns. Periodically over the years, the model has been calibrated against measurements of non-interacting guns and interacting clusters notably those supplied by Mike Hall originally of Horizon. In most cases, the model produces signatures within a few percent of the measurements and accurately models the phase-locking of airgun clusters reported in the above paper.